Transgressive sequence of basal Permian System: An evidence to the Hercynian vertical movements in different studied sections of Iran

Document Type : مقالات پژوهشی

Authors

• Mehdi Yazdi ¹
• Ali Bahrami ¹
• Mehdi Hoveida ¹
• Alireza Parvaneh ²

¹ University of Isfahan

² Islamic Azad University- Tabas Branch

10.22067/sed.facies.v10i2.54623

Abstract

Introduction
During the Late Paleozoic, as a result of the north Gondwana continental collision of the Europe, Hercynian Mountains have created (Berberian & King, 1981; Haq & Al-Qahtani, 2005). Most geologists and researchers e.g.: Stöcklin (1974), Nabavi (1976), Berberian (1976) and Stampfli (1978), believed Hercynian phase has influenced the Iranian platform on the type of epeirogenesis, but new studies  has proved evidence of Hercynian orogenic movements in Iran. Furon (1941), Gansser (1955), and Gansser et al. (1965) for the first time studied the geology of the Shotori range in the frame of the general geology, sedimentology and the mapping geology.
Stöcklin et al. (1965) assigned the Ozbak -Koh Group deposits to the Late Paleozoic (Devonian and Carboniferous) in the Central Iran which includes the Bahram, Shishtu and Sardar formations to the pre-Permian and the Jamal Formation with Permian age. This study conducts the effects of the Hercynian movements and the related evidences in the north, west and central Iran on the base of sedimentology and geochemistry of the basal Permian siliceous sandstone and the fossils (fauna and flora).
Yazdi et al (1989) compared the “top quartzite of the Sardar Formation” with many other sections of Iran to identify the sources of sands with detailed geochemical study and its economic uses of this horizon which has been named ''transgressive basal Permian sandstone'' (Yazdi, 1999).
Yazdi et al. (2004), Parvaneh et al. (2004), Rabiey & Yazdi (2001), Yazdi & Archbold (2002) and Yazdi (2001) also studied the Paleo-events in Upper Carboniferous - Early Permian with emphasizing on the plants fossils at the topmost Carboniferous which were the markers to the epirogenetic movements and the sea level fall at the Carboniferous – Permian boundary.
 
Materials and Methods
Several siliceous sandstone samples were collected from eight sections for this research include: Stabragh Sirjan destructive sand granitic, silica sand base of the Permian Zagros in sections Gahkom, Faraghon, Surmeh, Zardkuh and Dashtak (Zard kuh-e-Zagros), Chiruk-e- Tabas and DJam Semnan. Samples studied using semi industrial and industrial analysis for percentage, weight, volume, granulometry and melting point, based on the obtained results this siliceous sandstone has the same source  and paleoenvironment condition.
 
Discussion
According to plant fossil remains, conglomerate unit, crinoidal beds and the siliceous sandstone at the transition zone of the C/P boundary, also lack of Carboniferous and different thickness and age of the pre-Permian deposits in Tabas, Zagros, Isfahan and Alborz areas reveal the act of Hercinan movements in Iranian platform. Presence of Permian marine deposits show the privilege of the deeper marine condition at beginning of Permian in comparison to the Late Carboniferous time interval (Bahrami et al., 2015a; Bahrami et al., 2015b; Yazdi, 1999; Webster et al., 2011; Rabiey & Yazdi, 2011; Yazdi & Archbold, 2002; Leven & Gorgij, 2004).
 
Acknowledgement
This research undertaken at Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan. Financially and logistically supported by the Vice chancellor for Research and Technology office at University of Isfahan which deeply appreciated.
Keywords: Hercynian vertical movements, siliceous sandstone deposits, transgressive sequence of basal Permian.
 
References
Bahrami, A., Königshof, P., Boncheva, I., Sadat Tabatabaei, M., Yazdi, M., & Safari, Z., 2015. Middle Devonian (Givetian) conodonts from the northern margin of Gondwana (Soh and Natanz regions, north-west Isfahan,Central Iran): biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironmental implications. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 95: 555-577.
Berberian, M., & King, G.C.P., 1981. Towards a paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 18: 210-265.
Berberian, M., 1976. The important deformational and metamorphic phases in the belt North east of the Zagros thrust line (Iran). Geology Survey of Iran, International Report, 13 p.
Boncheva, I., Bahrami, A., Königshof, P., Yazdi, M., Hoveida, M., & Razi Allipour, B., 2015. Devonian deposits of Bahram Formation in the Kuh-e-Reza-Abad and the Kuh-e-Shorab sections (southwest Damghan), Central Iran. Strata, 16: 18-19.
Boncheva, I., Bahrami, A., Yazdi, M., & Torabi, H., 2007. Carboniferous conodont biostratigraphy and late Paleozoic depositional evolution in south central Iran (Asad-abad section – SE Isfahan). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 113 (3): 329- 356.
Furon, R., 1941. Geologie du plateau Iranien (Perse-Afghanistan-Beloutchistan). Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie, Paris, 7 (2): 177–414.
Gansser, A., 1955. New aspects of the geology in Central Iran. Proc. 4th World Petroleum Congerss, Rome, sect. I/A/5, paper 2, 279-300.
Hairapetian, V., & Yazdi M., 2003. Late Devonian conodonts from the Dalmeh section, Northeastern Ardekan, Central Iran. Courier Forshungsinstitut Senckenberg, 245: 209-225.
Haq, B.U., & Al-Qahtani, A.M., 2005. Phanerozoic cycles of sea-level change on the Arabian Platform. GeoArabia, 10 (2): 127-160.
Leven, E.Ja, & Gorgij, M.N., 2004. Gzhelian Fusulinids First Discovered in Central Iran. Stratigraphy and Geological correlation, 14 (1): 19-29.
Rabiey, Z., & Yazdi, M., 2001. Parallic sedimentary basin and mass extinction close to the Carboniferous-Permian boundary in Darchsleh section (South of Isfahan, Iran). In: Yan, J., & Pen, Y., (eds.) Proceedings of the International symposium on the global stratotype of the Permian-Triassic boundary and the Paleozoic-Mesozoic events. Changxing, Zhejiang, August, China, 8 p.
Stampfli, G.M., 1978. Étude géologique generale de l’Elbourz oriental au sud de Gonbad-e-Qabus (Iran NE). Ph.D. Thesis, University Genève, 1868: 329 p.
Stocklin, J., 1974. Possible ancient continental margine in Iran. In: Burk, C.A., & Drak, C.L., (eds.), The Geology of Continental Margins. Springer,NewYork, 873-887.
Stocklin, J., Eftekhkar-Nezhad, J., & Hushmand-Zadeh, A., 1965. Geology of the Shotori Range (Tabas area, East Iran). Geological Survey of Iran, 3:1-69.
Webster, G.D., Maples, C.G., Yazdi, M., Marcus, S. & Waters, J.A., 2011. Early Pennsylvanian, Bashkirian, echinoderms from eastern Iran, a potential transitional fauna between Laurentia/Avalonia and the Paleotethys, and a Permian cromyocrinid from central Iran. Senckenberg Gesellschaft fur Naturforschung and Springer. Special paper. 1-61.
Yazdi, M., 1999. Late Devonian-Carboniferous conodonts from Eastern Iran. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 105: 167-200.
Yazdi, M., 2001. Late Devonian faunal events and sea level changes in east and central Iran: correlation with global patterns of change. Historical Biology, 15: 83-89.
Yazdi, M., 2001. Post-Westphalian (Carboniferous) to Early Permian mass extinction and Palaeogeographical features in east and central Iran. In: J., Yan, & Y., Peng, (eds.), Proceedings of the International symposium on the Global Stratigraphy of the Permian-Triassic boundary and the Paleozoic-Mesozoic events. Changxing, Zhejiang, August, China, 120 p.
Yazdi, M., 2002. Late Carboniferous to Early Permian flora from central Iran (Abadeh and Isfahan). In: Brock, G.A., & Talent, J.A., (eds.) First International Palaeontological Congress, Geological Society of Australia. July, Macquarie University, N.S.W. Australia, 68: 295.

Keywords

• Hercynian vertical movements
• Horst & Graben
• Silicaclastic deposits
• Transgressive sequence of basal Permian

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