Lurestan Basin; Shahbazan Formation; larger benthic foraminifera; paleoenvironment; ramp

Document Type : مقالات پژوهشی

Authors

• Fatemeh Zabihi Zoeram ¹
• Mohammad Vahidinia ²
• Abbas Sadeghi ³
• Hasan Amiri Bakhtiar ⁴
• Asadallah Mahboobi ¹

¹ Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

² Ferdwosi University of Mashhad

³ Shahid Beheshti University

⁴ National Iranian South Oil Company (NISOC)

10.22067/sed.facies.v8i2.32738

Abstract

Introduction
Zagros foreland basin in Iran on the basis of sedimentary history is divided into five provinces including Lurestan, Fars, Zagros, Dezful embayment and Izeh Zone (Farzipour-Saein et al. 2009). In northeast Lurestan, the exposure of Mesozoic-Cenozoic stratigraphic column consists of about 4-5 km of pre-orogenic strata and about 6 km of synorogenic deposits. The Mesozoic pre-orogenic succession is mainly composed of passive margin carbonate units. The overlying synorogenic deposits include, from bottom to top, the Amiran- Kashkan detrital sequence, the Shahbazan-Asmari shallow-marine platforms, the Gachsaran evaporitic Formation, and the Agha Jari and Bakhtyari detrital formations.

Materials and Methods
In order to determine the age and paleoenvironment of the Shahbazan Formation, one surface section measured and sampled at the Kuh e Chenareh anticline. Chenareh stratigraphic section is located near the last tunnel of the Khorramabad – Andimeshk road about 5 km east of Zal city, at 32°47′N, 48°18′E.

Results
We have identified 20 genera and 26 species of larger foraminifera in the studied sediments of the Shahbazan Formation. In the study area, four foraminiferal assemblages identified ascribed to the Shahbazan Formation span time with the Lutetian–Bartonian (SBZ13-SBZ18?) age according to Serra-Kiel et al. (1998).
The following six foraminiferal assemblages are arranged on a palaeobathymetric profile, ranging from the shallow-marine inner ramp to the deep-marine basin including: (1) soritid-miliolid assemblage, (2) alveolinid assemblage, (3) nummulitid-alveolinid assemblage, (4) nummulitid assemblage, (5) nummulitid-discocyclinid assemblage and (6) planktic foraminifera assemblage. The transitions between the individual foraminiferal assemblages are gradual and occasionally interfere with each other.

Discussion
The modal analyses of the bioclastic components and composition of foraminifera assemblages allowed six facies (assemblages) to be recognised. These facies can be interpreted as having accumulated in open marine, fore-bank, bank and lagoonal environments (back bank setting). The nummulitic packestone/flotestone with abundant B-forms and minor A-forms and the nummulitic packestone with abundant A-forms and minor B-forms dominates in the lower and upper part of the bank, respectively. The Discocyclinid-Nummulitid facies is observed at the basal parts of the section. The presence of elongate Discocyclina in this facies may reflect an increases in water depth, although they may also be allochthonous (Beavington-Penney and Racey, 2005). The nummulites facies overlain by nummulitid-alveolinid packestone facies and this facies also overlain by alveolinid facies. Anketell and Mriheel (2000) in their study of the Jdeir Formation infer that the orbitolites-alveolina facies accumulated in a back-bank lagoonal setting. Wackeston-packestone facies with soritids and miliolids accumulated in the uppermost parts of this formation. The gradual variations in facies from shallow to deep photic zone deposits in this succession is more compatible with a suggested ramp model by Anketell and Mriheel (2000) and Höntzsch (2011). This model (in the northern areas of the Lurestan basin), in comparison with their counterparts in the most southern parts of the Arabic platform (Seeb Formation in the north of Oman and Dammam Formation in Saudi) (Boukhary et al., 2006), shows that there is a broad correlation between these sedimentary environments.

Keywords: Lurestan Basin; Shahbazan Formation; larger benthic foraminifera; paleoenvironment; ramp.

References
Anketell, J.M., & Mriheel, I.Y., 2000. Depositional environment and diagenesis of the Eocene Jdeir Formation, Gabes-Tripoli Basin, western offshore, Libya. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 23 (4): 425–447.
Beavington-Penney, S.J., Wright, V.P., & Racey, A., 2005. Sediment production and dispersal on a foraminifera-dominated Early Tertiary ramp: the Eocene El Garia Formation, Tunisia. Sedimentology, 52: 537-569.
Boukhary, M., Abdelghany, O., Bahr, S., & Hussein-Kamel, Y., 2006. Upper Eocene larger foraminifera from the Dammam Formation in the border region of United Arab Emirates and Oman. Micropaleontology, 51 (6): 487-504.
Farzipour-Saein, A., Yassaghi, A., Sherkati, S., & Koyi, H., 2009. Basin evolution of the Lurestan region in the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt, Iran. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 32: 5-19.
Höntzsch, S., 2011. Palaeogene carbonate platforms under climatic and Tectonic stress – case studies from Egypt and Spain. Ph.D thesis, University of Bremen, Department of Geosciences. 161 p.
Serra-Kiel, J., Hottinger, L., Caus, E., Drobne, K., Ferràndez, C., Jauhri, A.K., Less, G., Pavlovec, R., Pignatti, J., Samsó, J.M., Schaub, H., Sirel, E., Strougo, A., Tambareau, Y., Tosquella, J., & Zakrevskaya, E., 1998. Larger foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Tethyan Palaeocene and Eocene. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 169 (2): 281-299.

Keywords

• Lurestan Basin
• Shahbazan Formation
• Larger benthic foraminifera
• sedimentary paleoenvironment
• ramp

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