New data on the Frasnian/Famennian boundary in Kal-e-Sardar section, Eastern Tabas (Central Iran)

Document Type : مقالات پژوهشی

Authors

• Hossein Gholamalian ¹
• Nasibeh Zarei ²
• Vachik Hairapetian ³
• Mahnaz Parvaneh-Nezhad Shirazi ²

¹ Hormozgan University

² Payam-e-Nour University

³ Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch

10.22067/sed.facies.v7i1.20261

Abstract

Frasnian - Famennian boundary in the Kal-e-Sardar section (East of Tabas, Central Iran) is investigated on the basis of conodonts. Distribution of thirty-three species and subspecies in the stratigraphic column enables us to recognize a barren interval and five biozones; Upper rhenana, upper part of Upper rhenana - linguiformis, Lower to Middle triangularis, Upper triangularis, Lower crepida. Biofacies analysis shows a deepening trend through the Late Frasnian and then a sharp sea level fall present at the base of early Famennian sequences. Deeper environment governs through the Famennian stage. A new range is proposed for P. planarius; Lower hassi - linguiformis zones.

Keywords

• Frasnian
• Famennian
• conodonts
• biozones
• Kal-e-Sardar
• Central Iran

---

References

Ashouri, A., 1990. Devonian and Carboniferous Conodont Faunas from Iran. PhD thesis, University of Hull, 351 p.

Ashouri, A.R., & Yamini, A., 2006. Cephalopods and Stratigraphical Position of Cephalopod Bed of Shishtu Formation, Iran. Geosciences, 15 (60): 178-187.

Becker R.T., Ashouri A.R. & Yazdi M., 2004. The Late Devonian Annulata event in the Shotori Range (eastern Iran). Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Paläontologie Abbhandlungen, 231: 119-143.

Brice, D., Mistiaen, B. & Rohart, J.C., 1999. New data on distribution of brachiopods, rugose corals and stromatoporids in the Upper Devonian of central and eastern Iran, palaeobiogeographic implications. Annales de la Societe Geologique du Nord, 7: 21-32

Dastanpour, M. & Aftabi, A., 2002. The cause of biomass extinction at the Frasnian-Famennian boundary, the Kerman Province southeastern Central Iran. Journal of Science, Islamic Republic of Iran, 13: 45-49.

Gholamalian, H., 2007. Conodont biostratigraphy of the Frasnian-Famennian boundary in the Esfahan and Tabas areas, Central Iran. Geological Quarterly, 51(4): 453-476.

Gholamalian, H. & Kebriaei, M.R., 2008, Late Devonian conodonts from the Hojedk section, Kerman Province, southeastern Iran. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigraphia, 114(2), 171-181.

Gholamalian H., Ghorbani, M. & Sajadi, S.H., 2009. Famennian conodonts from Kal-e-Sardar section, eastern Tabas, Central Iran. Rivista Italiana de Paleontologia e Stratigraphia, 115(2): 141-158.

Hairapetian, V. & Korn, D., 2011. Phylogenetic analysis of the family Beloceratidae (Ammonoidae; Late Devonian) and a new Beloceras species from eastern Iran. Bulletin of Geosciences, 86(4): 675–682, Prague.

Hashemi, H. & Playford, G., 1998. Upper Devonian palynomorphs of the Shishtu Formation, Central Iran Basin, east-central Iran. Paleontographica Abt., B, 246: 115-212, 13 Plates.

House, M.R., Becker, R.T., Feist, R., Girard, C. & Klapper, G., 2000. The Frasnian/Famennian boundary GSSP at Coumiac, southern France. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 225: 59-75.

Ji, Q. & Ziegler, W., 1993. The Lali section. An excellent reference section for Upper Devonian in south China. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 157: 183 p.

Klapper, G., 1989. The Montagne Noire Frasnian (Upper Devonian) conodont succession. In: Mcmillan, N.J. Embry, A.F. & Glass, D.G., (eds.), Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on the Devonian System. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, 3: 449-468.

Klapper, G., Feist, R., Becker, R.T. & House, M.R., 1993. Definition of the Frasnian/ Famennian stage boundary. Episodes, 16: 433-441.

Klapper, G., & Foster, C.T., 1993. Shape analysis of Frasnian species of the Late Devonian conodont genus Palmatolepis. Journal of Paleontology, 67 (supplement to no. 4, mem. 32): 1-35.

Mahmudy Gharaie, M.H., Matsumoto, R., Kakuwa, Y., Milroy, P.G., 2003. Geochemical evidence for environmental changes at Frasnian–Famennian boundary leading to the mass extinction. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67, (supplement 1 to no. 18): A268.

Mahmudy Gharaie, M.H., Matsumoto, R., Kakuwa, Y., Milroy, P.G., 2004. Late Devonian facies variety in Iran: volcanism as a possible trigger of the environmental perturbation near the Frasnian – Famennian boundary. Geological Quarterly, 48-4: 323-332.

McGhee, G.R. Jr., 1996. The Late Devonian mass extinction, the Frasnian/Famennian crisis. In: Bottjer, D., & Bambach, R.K., (eds.), Critical Moments in Paleobiology and Earth History Series. Columbia University Press, New York.303 p.

Mistiaen, B. & Gholamalian, H., 2000. Stromatoporoids and some tabulate corals from Chahriseh area (Esfahan Province, Central Iran). Annales de la Societe Geologique du Nord, 8: 81-91.

Mistiaen B., Gholamalian H., Gourvennec R., Plusquellc Y., Bigey F., Brice D., Feist M., Feist R., Ghobadi Pour M., Kebria-ee M.R, Milhau B., Nicollin J. P., Rohart J.C., Vachard D. & Yazdi M., 2000. Preliminary data on the Late Devonian (Frasnian, Famennian) and Permian fauna and flora from the Chahriseh area (Esfahan Province, central Iran). Annales de la Societe Geologique du Nord, 8: 93-102.

Morrow, J., 2000. Shelf to basin lithofacies and conodont paleoecology across Frasnian/Famennian (F-F, mid-Late Devonian) boundary, central Geat Basin (western U. S. A.). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 219: 1-57.

Over, J.D., 1997. Conodont biostratigraphy of the Java Formation (Upper Devonian) and the Frasnian-Famennian boundary in western New York State. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 321: 161-177.

Ovnatanova, N.S., & Kononova, L.I., 2001. Conodonts and Upper Devonian (Frasnian) biostratigraphy of central regions of Russian platform. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 233: 115 p.

Ovnatanova, N.S. & Kononova, L.I., 2008. Frasnian Conodonts from the Eastern Russian Platform. Paleontological Journal, 42-10: 997–1166.

Pohler, S.M., & Barnes, C.R., 1990. Conceptual models in conodont paleoecology. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 118: 409-440.

Racki, G., 2005. Toward understanding Late Devonian global events: few answers, many questions. In: Over, D.J., Morrow, J.R., & Wignall, P.B. (eds.), Understanding Late Devonian and Permian-Triassic Biotic and Climatic Events: Toward an Integrated Approach, Developments in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, Elsevier, Amsterdam. 20: 5-36.

Racki, G., & House, M.R., (eds.), 2002. Late Devonian biotic crisis: ecological, depositional and geochemical records. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 181(1-3): 374 p.

Rohart, J.C., 1999. Palaeozoic rugose corals from central and eastern Iran (A. F. de Lapparent & M. Zahedi collections). Annales de la Societe Geologique du Nord, 7: 47-70.

Ruttner, A., Nabavi, M.H., & Alavi, M., 1965. Geology of Ozbak-Kuh Mountains (Tabas area, East Iran). Geological Survey of Iran. 133 p. (unpublished).

Sandberg, C.A. & Dreesen, R., 1984. Late Devonian icriodontid biofacies models and alternate shallow water conodont zonation. In: Clark, D.L. (ed.), Conodont biofacies and provincialism. Geological Society of America Special Papers, 196: 143-178.

Sandberg, C.A., Ziegler, W., Dreesen, R., & Butler, J., 1988. Late Frasnian mass extinction. Conodont event stratigraphy, global changes and possible causes. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 102: 263-307.

Stöcklin, J., Eftekhar-Nezhad, J. & Hushmandzadeh, A., 1965. Geology of Shotori Range (Tabas area, east Iran). Geological Survey of Iran, Report, 3: 69 p.

Stöcklin, J. & Setudehnia, A., 1991. Stratigraphic Lexicon of Iran. Geological Survey of Iran, Report, 18: 376 p.

Walliser, O.H., 1966. Devonian and Carboniferous goniatites in Iran, contribution to the Palaeontology of East Iran. Geological Survey of Iran, Report, 6: 57 p.

Wendt, J., Kaufmann, B., Belka, Z., Farsan, N. & Karimi-Bavandpour, A., 2002. Devonian/Lower Carboniferous stratigraphy, facies patterns and palaeogeography of Iran, part I, southeastern Iran. Acta Geologica Pololonica, 52-2: 129-168.

Wendt, J., Kaufmann, B., Belka, Z., Farsan, N. & Karimi-Bavandpour, A., 2005. Devonian/Lower Carboniferous stratigraphy, facies patterns and palaeogeography of Iran, part II, northern and central Iran. Acta Geologica Pololonica, 55-1: 131-97.

Yazdi, M., 1999. Late Devonian–Carboniferous conodonts from eastern Iran. Rivista Italiana di Paleontolgia e Stratigraphia, 105: 167–195.

Ziegler, W. & Sandberg, C.A., 1990. Late Devonian standard conodont zonation. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 121: 115 p.

Ziegler, W. & Sandberg, C.A., 2000. Utility of palmatolepids and icriodontids in recognizing Upper Devonian series, stages and possible substage boundaries. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 225: 335–437.