First report of Guadalupian conodonts and fishes from the base of Dalan Formation in the Gahkum section, North of Bandar Abbas (High Zagros)

Document Type : مقالات پژوهشی

Authors

• Hossein Gholamalian ¹
• Mohammad Poosti ¹
• vachik Hairapetian ²

¹ University of Hormozgan

² Islamic Azad University, Esfahan Branch, Esfahan

10.22067/sed.facies.v12i2.80984

Abstract

Introduction
Permian sequences of Zagros and Arabiab peninsula including Dalan Formation and its equivalent, Khuff Formation, are precisely investigated in order to hydrocarbon exploration. Type section of Dalan Formation is described by Szabo & Kheradpir (1978) and composed of three members; Lower and Upper Dalan and Nar evaporite Member between them. Studied succession in the present paper is located in Gahkum anticline, southeast of High Zagros Zone, SE Iran. We should pass 134 km northward from Bandar Abbas to attain Sarchahan village and then 7.7 km eastward in order to access the section. Coordinates of section are: 28° 5' 40.5"N, 55° 55' 18.19"E.
Discussion
Numerous researches have been conducted on the Dalan and Khuff formations in the Middle-East. For example, Alsharhan & Narin (1995) studied the sedimentary environment and stratigraphy of Permian sequences in the Arabian Peninsula. Angiolini et al. (1998; 2003) and Henderson & Mei (2003) studied the paleogeography and paleoclimatology of North and southeast of Oman by using conodonts. Kolodka et al. (2011) studied the biostratigraphy and microfacies of Dalan Formation. Dalan Formation in the Gahkum section with 685m thickness conformably overlie the marine uppermost beds of Faraghan Formation and can be divided to Lower and Upper Dalan Members. No sign of Nar evaporate Member is seen between them. The absence of this member may be related to lateral facies changes of evaporite to carbonate. The Upper Dalan Member is disconfomably overlain by Middle to Late Triassic dolomites of Khaneh-Kat Formation (Fakhari, 1995, Sabzehei, 1993). On the basis of foraminifer stratigraphy, Kolodka et al. (2011) proposed the age of Wordian for the base of Lower Dalan Member, and the present conodont species; Sweetognathus iranicus, Hindeodus wordensis and Merrillina divergens prove this age. On the other hand, the base of Khuff Formation (equivalent of Dalan Fm.) in the southeast and interior Oman has the age of Wordian (Angiolini et al., 1998; 2003). Conodonts are associated with microvertebrate remains such as skeletal particles, scales and teeth of paleoniscoids, hybodontiforms and osteichthyan fishes.
Conclusion
Conodont studies in addition to the stratigraphic situation of the base of Dalan Formation in the Gahkum section show the age of Wordian. It seems that the base of Dalan Formation is diachronous and becomes younger from the northwest to the southeast of High Zagros. The absence of Nar evaporite Member between Lower and Upper Dalan carbonate members, may be related to the lateral facies changes. This is the first report of paleoniscoid, hybodontid and osteichthyan fish remains from the Permian strata of Zagros Mountains.
Acknowledgment
This paper is the result of project no. 95/200/168, so we appreciate Deputy of Research and Technology, University of Hormozgan for financial supports. Authors thank M.K. Kamali and F. Amin-Nezhad who helped us in field and laboratory works.
References
Alsharhan, A.S., & Nairn, A.E.M., 1995. Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Permian in the Arabian Basin and Adjacent areas: a Critical Review. In: Scholle, P.A., Peryt, T.M., & Ulmer-Scholle, D.S., (eds.), The Permian of Northern Pangea, Springer-Verlage, 2: 187–214.
Angiolini, L.,  Nicora, A., Bucher, H., Vachard, D., Pillevuit, A., Platel, J.P., Roger, J., Baud, A., Broutin, J., Al Hashmi, A., & Marcoux, J., 1998. Evidence of a Guadalupian Age for the Khuff Formation of Southeastern Oman: Preliminary Report. Rivista Italiana Di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 104 (3): 329-340.
Angiolini, L., Balini, M., Garzanti, E., Nicora, A., Tintori, A., Crasquin, S., & Muttoni, G., 2003. Permian climatic and paleogeographic changes in Northern Gondwana: the Khuff Formation of Interior Oman. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 191: 269-300.
Henderson, C.M., & Mei, S.L., 2003. Stratigraphic versus environmental significance of Permian serrated conodonts around the Cisuralian - Guadalupian boundary: New evidence from Oman. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 191: 301-328.
Kolodka, C., Vennin, E., Vachard, D., Trocme, V., & Goodarzi, M.H., 2011. Timing and progression of the end-Guadalupian crisis in the Fars Province (Dalan Formation, Kuh-E Gakhum, Iran) constrained by foraminifers and other carbonate microfossils. Facies, 58 (1): 131–153.
Sabzehei, 1993. Geological map of Haji Abad, scale 1/250000, Part G. Geological Survey of Iran.
Szabo, F., & Kheradpir, A., 1978. Permian and Triassic stratigraphy, Zagros Basin, South‐West Iran. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 1 (2): 57–82. 

Keywords

• Conodont
• Roadian
• Wordian
• Gahkum section
• Dalan Formation
• Faraghan Formation

Main Subjects

• Systematic Paleontology & Biostratigraphy

---

References

امرائی، ج.، 1398. مقایسه شرایط محیطی و چینه نگاری سکانسی سازندهای فراقان و زاکین در برش کوه گهکم با میادین پارس جنوبی و گلشن. رساله دکتری، دانشگاه هرمزگان، 268ص.

زمان‌زاده، س.م.، میرزایی، س.، سردارآبادی، م. شگفت­فر، م.، 1389. بازسازی محیط رسوبی سازند فراقان در چاه دارنگ 1. فصلنامه زمین شناسی ایران، 4 (13): 89-97.

سیفوری‌پور، س.، 1381. نقشه زمین شناسی 1:100000 حاجی­آباد. ورقه 7346، سازمان زمین شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور.

عارفی‌فرد، س.، 1391. مطالعه فونای فوزولینید سازند دالان در مقطع ایل بیگ، ناحیه زردکوه، زاگرس. پژوهش­های چینه نگاری و رسوب شناسی، 28 (3): 99-117.

فتوت، م.، هاشمی حسینی، غ. رحیم­پور بناب، ح.، 1390. محیط رسوبس بخش بالایی سازند دالان بر روی کمان قطر ـ فارس و حاشیه شرقی آن: میادین پارس جنوبی و سلمان. پژوهش­های چینه نگاری و رسوب شناسی، 27 (1): 115-136.

ناصری، ز.، 1388. بررسی چگونگی عملکرد بخش تبخیری نار به عنوان یک پوش سنگ در سازند دالان در ناحیه فارس ساحلی. ماهنامه اکتشاف و تولید، 60: 42-46.

مطیعی، ه، 1372. چینه شناسی زاگرس. سازمان زمین شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، 536ص.

مهدی­نیا، م. موسوی حرمی، س.ر.، 1391. پتروگرافی و تفسیر محیط رسوب­گذاری نهشته­های پرمین پیشین (سازند فراقان) در میدان گلشن واقع در خلیج فارس. ماهنامه اکتشاف و تولید، 88: 65-71.

Abedini, M., Aghanabati, S.A., Meisami, A., & Jahani, D., 2017. A  New Approach to Permian System in the section of Gahkum Mountain (Zagros - Iran). Open Journal of Geology, 7: 965 -977.

Alsharhan, A.S., & Nairn, A.E.M., 1995. Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Permian in the Arabian Basin and Adjacent areas: a Critical Review. In: Scholle, P.A., Peryt, T.M., & Ulmer-Scholle, D.S., (eds.), The Permian of Northern Pangea, Springer-Verlage, 2: 187–214.

Amini, A., & Haghdoost, M., 2010. Factors Influencing the Reservoir Characteristics of the Ooid Facies (Dalan Formation in the Persian Gulf). The 1^th international applied geological congress, Department of geology, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, 26-28.

Angiolini, L.,  Nicora, A., Bucher, H., Vachard, D., Pillevuit, A., Platel, J.P., Roger, J., Baud, A., Broutin, J., Al Hashmi, A., & Marcoux, J., 1998. Evidence of a Guadalupian Age for the Khuff Formation of Southeastern Oman: Preliminary Report. Rivista Italiana Di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 104(3): 329-340.

Angiolini, L., Balini, M., Garzanti, E., Nicora, A., Tintori, A., Crasquin, S., & Muttoni, G., 2003. Permian climatic and paleogeographic changes in Northern Gondwana: the Khuff Formation of Interior Oman. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 191: 269-300.

Angiolini, L., Crasquin-Soleau, S., Platel, J.P., Roger, J., Vachard, D., Vaslet, D., & Al-Husseini, M., 2004. Saiwan, Gharif and Khuff formations, Haushi-Huqf Uplift, Oman. GeoArabia, Special Publication, 3: 149-183.

Bahrami, M., Sahraeyan, M., & Taherkhani, K., 2012. Microfacies and sedimentary environments of Dalan Fomation at Surmeh Mountain, Folded Zagros Zone, Southwestern Iran. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 1 (4): 380-389.

Bender, H., & Stoppel, D., 1965. Perm-Conodonten: Geologisches Jahrbuch, 82: 331-364.

Clark, D.L., 1972. Early Permian crisis and its bearing on Permo-Triassic conodont taxonomy. Geologica et Palaeontologica, 1972

Davydov, V., & Arefifard, S., 2013. Middle Permian (Guadalupian) fusulinid taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the mid-latitude Dalan Basin, Zagros, Iran and their applications in paleoclimate dynamics and paleogeography. GeoArabia, 18 (2): 17-62.

Dzik, J., 1976. Remarks on the evolution of Ordovician conodonts. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 21 (4): 395-458.

Gaillot, J., & Vachard, D., 2007. The Khuff Formation (Middle East) and time-equivalents in Turkey and South China: biostratigraphy from Capitanian to Changhsingian times (Permian), new foraminiferal taxa, and palaeogeographical implications. Coloquios de Paleontología, 57: 37-223.

Ghavidel-Syooki, M., 1997. Palynostratigraphy and paleogeography of Early Permian strata in the Zagros Basin, southeast – southwest Iran. Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran, 8 (4): 243-260.

Ghavidel-Syooki, M., Álvaro, J.J., Popov, L., Ghobadi Pour, M., Ehsani, M.H., & Suyarkova, A., 2011. Stratigraphic Evidence for the Hirnantian (latest Ordovician) Glaciation in the Zagros Mountains, Iran. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 307 (1-4): 1–16.

Hay, O.P., 1929. Second Bibliography and Catalogue of Fossil Vertebrata of North America, Vol. 1. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication, 390 p.

Henderson, C.M., & Mei, S.L., 2003. Stratigraphic versus environmental significance of Permian serrated conodonts around the Cisuralian - Guadalupian boundary: New evidence from Oman. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 191: 301-328.

Huxley, T.H., 1880. On the application of the laws of evolution to the arrangement of the Vertebrata, and more particularly of the Mammalia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, London 43: 649-662.

Jeppsson, L., 2005. Biases in the recovery and interpretation of micropalaeontological data. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 73: 57-71.

Kolodka, C., Vennin, E., Vachard, D., Trocme, V., & Goodarzi, M.H., 2011. Timing and progression of the end-Guadalupian crisis in the Fars Province (Dalan Formation, Kuh-E Gakhum, Iran) constrained by foraminifers and other carbonate microfossils. Facies, 58 (1): 131–153.

Kozur, H., 1975. Beiträge zur Conodontenfauna des Permian. Geologica et Paläontologica, 5 (4): 1-44.

Kozur, H., Mostler, H., & Rahimi-Yazd, A., 1975. Beiträge zur Mikropaläontologie permotriadischer Schichtfolgen. Teil II: Neue Conodonten aus dem Oberperm und der basalen Trias von Nord-und Zentraliran. Geologica et Paläontologica, 5 (3): 1–23.

Kozur, H., 1995. Permian conodont zonation and its importance for the Permian stratigraphic standard scale. Geologica et Paläontologica, 20: 165-205.

Krystyn, L., Richoz, S., Baud, A., & Twitchett, R.J., 2003. A Unique Permian-Triassic Boundary Section from the Neotethyan Hawasina Basin, Central Oman Mountains. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 191 (3-4): 329-344.

Mei, S.L., Henderson, C.M. & Wardlaw, B.R., 2002. Evolution and distribution of the conodonts Sweetognathus and Iranognathus and related genera during the Permian, and their implications for climate change. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 180: 57-91.

Maisey, J.G., 1975. The interrelationships of phalacanthous selachians. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen, 9: 553-567.

Ogg, G., Gabi, M. & Gradstein, F.M., 2016. A Concise Geologic Time Scale. Elsevier, 234 p.

Rexroad, C.B., & Furnish, W.M., 1964. Conodonts from the Pella Formation (Mississipian) of south-central Iowa. Journal of Paleontology, 38: 557-576.

Ritter, S.M., 1986. Taxonomy and revision of post early Permian crisis biselli – whitei zone conodonts with comments on Late Palaeozoic diversity. Geologica et Palaeontologica, 20: 139-165.

Sabzehei, 1993. Geological map of Haji Abad, scale 1/250000, Part G. Geological Survey of Iran.

Schultze, H.P., 1985. Marine to onshore vertebrates in the Lower Permian of Kansas and their paleoenvironmental implications. The University of Kansas Palaeontological Contributions, 113: 1–18.

Spina, A., Stephenson, M.H., Cirilli, S., Aria-Nasab, M.R., & Rettori, R., 2018. Palynostratigraphy of the Permian Faraghan Formation in the Zagros Basin, southern Iran. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 124 (3): 573-595.

Sun, Y.D., Liu, J.X., Yan, B., Li, B., Chen, D.P.G., & Joachimski, M., 2017. Permian (Artinskian to Wuchapingian) conodont biostratigraphy in the Tieqiao section, Laibin area, South China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 465: 42-63.

Swift, A., 1986. The conodont Merrillina divergens (Bender and Stoppel) from the Upper Permian of England. In: Harwood, G.M., & Smith, D.B., (eds.), The English Zechstein and Related Topics, Geological Society Special Publication, 22: 55-62.

Szabo, F., & Kheradpir, A., 1978. Permian and Triassic stratigraphy, Zagros Basin, South‐West Iran. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 1 (2): 57–82.

Verna, V., Angiolini, L., Baud, A., Crasquin, S., & Nicora, A., 2011. Guadalupian brachiopods from western Taurus, Turkey. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 117 (1): 51-104.

Vuolo, I., 2014. Conodont biostratigraphy from Carboniferous and Permian successions of Pamir, Central Iran and Tunisia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Milan, 308p.

Wardlaw, B.R., 2000. Guadalupian conodont biostratigraphy of the Glass and Del Norte Mountains. In: Wardlaw, B.R., Grant, R.E., & Rohr, D.M. (eds.), The Guadalupian symposium. Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences, 37-87.

Wardlaw, B.R., & Pogue, K.R., 1995. The Permian of Pakistan. In: Scholle, P.A., Peryt, T.M., Ulmer-Scholle, D.S. (eds.), The Permian of Northern Pangea. Springer, 215-224.