Biostratigraphy of Carboniferous deposits in the Khemes Stratigraphic section and correlation of Carboniferous deposits with other Carboniferous Sequences in Iran

Document Type : مقالات پژوهشی

Authors

• Rahim Shabanian ¹
• Nahideh Ghanizadeh Tabrizi ²

¹ Payam Noor University

² Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

10.22067/sed.facies.v10i1.43544

Abstract

Introduction
In order to investigation the Carboniferous micro-fauna of northwest Iran, the Khemes section in the Ardebil Province has been studied systematically. According to structural divisions of Iran proposed by Nabavi (1976), the Khemes section is part of Alborz-Azerbayjan zone in Iran. On the basis of foraminifers, Shabanian et al., (2014) stated that the Carboniferous sequence in this section is Early Nisean-the beginning of Early Bashkirian. These sediments are comparable to partly or completely of Dozdehband, Qezelgaleh, Bagherabad, Khashachal and Sardar formations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Carboniferous micro-biostratigraphy in the Khemes section and it compare with other regions of Iran, according to foraminiferal stratigraphic distribution.

Materials and Methods
The study of the Khemes stratigraphic section of Ardebil Province, with 163 meter thickness and 7 lithological units, led to identification of 30 genera and 15 speices belonge to 8 families of benthic foraminifera. Systematical investigation of these foraminifera led to definition of two biozones:
1) Endothyra-Lysella Assemblage Biozone
This biozones starts from the beginning of this section up to 23 meter. This assemblage was recognized from the Early Carboniferous sediments of Mobarak Formation from Central-Eastern Alborz (Bozorgnia, 1973) and Shishtoo Formatiom from Central Iran (Ruttneret al., 1968). Also these foraminiferal assemblages are comparable to the Donetz area of Russia with the age of Early Visean (Reitlinger, 1950), biozone No. 10 of North America with the age of Middle Visean-Late Visean (Mamet & Skipp, 1970) and biozone No. 30 of Illanlu section (Shabanian & Ghanizadeh, 2012) with the age of Late Visean. As a result, the age of this Biozone is Late Visean.
2) Eostaffella- Millerella Assemblage Biozone
According to Kulagina et al., (2001-2006), association of foraminiferas such as Eostaffella and Millerella are marker of the Syuranian substage from Early Bashkirian of Europe. Also these mentioned species were reported from the Early Bashkirian sediments of Anarak and Zaladu sections of Central Iran (Leven & Gorgig, 2010., Gaetani et al., 2009), lower part of Qezelgaleh Formation (Jenny, 1977), Dozdehband Formation (Bozorgnia, 1973) and Tauride of Turkey (Ozermir-Altiner-Yilmaz, 2011). Based on the age of this assemblage and their correlations with other regiogns, we can state that the exactly age of this biozone is Serpukhovian to Syuranian substages from Early Bashkirian.

Discussion and Conclusion
According to Leven & Gorgij (2011), Bashkirian Fusulinida assemblages of Alborz and Central Iran are similar to each other and also similar to Ural and Eastern Europe foraminiferal assemblages. Comparison of the Iranian Fusulinid assemblages with the Eastern Europe indicate that during Carboniferous, Iranian and the Eastern Europe seas were connected and diversity in their fauna arising from local changes. According to the statements above, we can conclude that foraminifera assemblage of the Khemes stratigraphy section are the same as the Alborz and Central Iran. Also it is comparable to Ural and Eastern Europe and local variations were the reason for differences.

Keywords: Micro-fauna, Foraminifera; Late Visean; Early Bashkarian; Carboniferous; Khemes; Kalkhal.

References
Bozorgnia, F., 1973. Paleozoic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of central and east Alborz Mountains, Iran. National Iranian Oil Company, Geological Laboratories, 4: 1-185.
Gaetani, M., Angiolini, L., & Ueno, K., 2009. Pennsylvanian–Early Triassic Stratigraphy in the Alborz Mountains (Iran), in South Caspian to Central Iran Basins. In: Brunet, M.F., Wilmsen, M., & Granath, J.W., (eds.), Geological Society London Special Publications, 312 (1): 79-128.
Jenny, J., 1977. Geologie etstretisraphie de Elbourz oriental, entre Aliabad et Shahrud, Iran, NE. These Univ. Geneve, 238p.
Kulagina, E. I., Pazukhin, V. N., & Kochetkova, N. M., 2001. The Stratotype and Key Section of the Bashkirian Stage (Carboniferous) in the Southern Urals, Ufa,Gilem, 107 p.
Kulagina, E.I., 2006. Biostratigraphy of the Lower–Middle Carboniferous in the Southern Urals and Southeastern Russian Platform, Implication of Foraminifers. Extended Abstract of Doctor. Sci. (Geol.Mineral) Dissertation, Mosk. Gos. Univ. Moscow, 2: 1–46.
Levena, E.J., & Gorgij, M.N., 2011. Fusulinids and Stratigraphy of the Carboniferous and Permian in Iran. Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, 7: 687–776.
Mamet, B.L., & Skipp, B., 1970. Lower Carboniferous calcareous foraminifers Preliminary zonation and Stratigraphic implications for the Mississippian of North America. Comptes Rendus 6 Congre's International du Carbonife're, 3: 1129-1146.
Nabavi, M. H., 1976. An Introduction to Geology in Iran. Geological Survey of Iran, 109 p.
Ozdemir, A., Altıner, A., Ozkan-Altıner, D., & Omer-Yilmaz I., 2011. Foraminiferal biostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy across the mid-Carboniferous boundary in the Central Taurides, Turkey. Springer Verlag, 57: 705–730.
Reitlinger, E.A., 1950. Foraminiferes des depots du Carboniferemoyen de la PlatformeRusse a lexception de la famille Fusulinidae. Academy of Sciences USSR Proceedings Insitute of Geological Sciences, 47: 1-126.
Ruttner, A., Nabavi, M.H., & Hajian, J., 1968. Geology of the Shirgesht area (Tabas area, East Iran). Geological Survey of Iran, 40: 133.
Shabanian, R., & Ghanizadeh, N., 2012. Introduction of Early Carboniferous Illanqarah Formation Foraminifera from Illanlu Stratigraphical Section, North Qarahzia’odin, North West of Iran. Geoscinces, 92: 39-46.
Shabanian, R., Ghanizadeh, N., Mohammadi, M., & Roohi, N., 2014. Definition of Carboniferous Deposits in the Stratigraphic Khames Section, Northeast of Khalkhal Based on Foraminifera. Geoscinces, 95: 77-84.

Keywords

• Micro-fauna, Foraminifera
• Late Visean
• Early Bashkarian
• Carboniferous
• Khemes
• Kalkhal

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